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Lucy C Chappell, Jennifer L Bell, Anne Smith, Catherine Rounding, Ursula Bowler, Louise Linsell, Edmund Juszczak, Sue Tohill, Amanda Redford, Peter H Dixon, Jenny Chambers, Rachael Hunter, Jon Dorling, Catherine Williamson & Jim G Thornton.

Lucy C Chappell ^1,*, Jennifer L Bell ², Anne Smith ², Catherine Rounding ², Ursula Bowler ², Louise Linsell ², Edmund Juszczak ², Sue Tohill ¹, Amanda Redford ³, Peter H Dixon ¹, Jenny Chambers ⁴, Rachael Hunter ⁵, Jon Dorling ⁶, Catherine Williamson ^1,†, Jim G Thornton ^3,†

¹ Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
² National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit Clinical Trials Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
³ Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
⁴ ICP Support, Sutton Coldfield, UK
⁵ Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
⁶ Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
^* Corresponding author Email: lucy.chappell@kcl.ac.uk

^† Joint senior authors

Joint senior authors

Declared competing interests of authors: Lucy C Chappell reports that she is chairperson of the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Clinical Evaluation and Trials Committee (January 2019 to present), a member of the NIHR Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation (EME) Strategic Advisory Committee (from November 2019 to present) and is funded by a NIHR Professorship (award number RP-2014-5-019). Jon Dorling reports that he was funded by Nutrinia Ltd. (Ramat Gan, Israel) in 2017 and 2018 for part of his salary to work as an expert advisor on a trial of enteral insulin. Jim G Thornton reports that he is a co-author of the Cochrane review of treatment for obstetric cholestasis, a co-author of a previous trial of ursodeoxycholic acid to treat intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and that he is a member of the NIHR HTA and EME Editorial Board.