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Arri Coomarasamy, Hoda M Harb, Adam J Devall, Versha Cheed, Tracy E Roberts, Ilias Goranitis, Chidubem B Ogwulu, Helen M Williams, Ioannis D Gallos, Abey Eapen, Jane P Daniels, Amna Ahmed, Ruth Bender-Atik, Kalsang Bhatia, Cecilia Bottomley, Jane Brewin, Meenakshi Choudhary, Fiona Crosfill, Shilpa Deb, W Colin Duncan, Andrew Ewer, Kim Hinshaw, Thomas Holland, Feras Izzat, Jemma Johns, Mary-Ann Lumsden, Padma Manda, Jane E Norman, Natalie Nunes, Caroline E Overton, Kathiuska Kriedt, Siobhan Quenby, Sandhya Rao, Jackie Ross, Anupama Shahid, Martyn Underwood, Nirmala Vaithilingham, Linda Watkins, Catherine Wykes, Andrew W Horne, Davor Jurkovic & Lee J Middleton.

Arri Coomarasamy ^1,*, Hoda M Harb ¹, Adam J Devall ¹, Versha Cheed ², Tracy E Roberts ², Ilias Goranitis ³, Chidubem B Ogwulu ², Helen M Williams ¹, Ioannis D Gallos ¹, Abey Eapen ⁴, Jane P Daniels ⁵, Amna Ahmed ⁶, Ruth Bender-Atik ⁷, Kalsang Bhatia ⁸, Cecilia Bottomley ⁹, Jane Brewin ¹⁰, Meenakshi Choudhary ¹¹, Fiona Crosfill ¹², Shilpa Deb ¹³, W Colin Duncan ¹⁴, Andrew Ewer ¹, Kim Hinshaw ⁶, Thomas Holland ¹⁵, Feras Izzat ¹⁶, Jemma Johns ¹⁷, Mary-Ann Lumsden ¹⁸, Padma Manda ¹⁹, Jane E Norman ¹⁴, Natalie Nunes ²⁰, Caroline E Overton ²¹, Kathiuska Kriedt ⁹, Siobhan Quenby ²², Sandhya Rao ²³, Jackie Ross ¹⁷, Anupama Shahid ²⁴, Martyn Underwood ²⁵, Nirmala Vaithilingham ²⁶, Linda Watkins ²⁷, Catherine Wykes ²⁸, Andrew W Horne ¹⁴, Davor Jurkovic ⁹, Lee J Middleton ²

¹ Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
² Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
³ Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
⁴ Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, USA
⁵ Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
⁶ Sunderland Royal Hospital, City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, UK
⁷ Miscarriage Association, Wakefield, UK
⁸ Burnley General Hospital, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Burnley, UK
⁹ University College Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
¹⁰ Tommy’s, London, UK
¹¹ Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
¹² Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Preston, UK
¹³ Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
¹⁴ Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
¹⁵ St Thomas’ Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
¹⁶ University Hospital Coventry, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
¹⁷ King’s College Hospital, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
¹⁸ Reproductive & Maternal Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
¹⁹ The James Cook University Hospital, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK
²⁰ West Middlesex University Hospital, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Isleworth, UK
²¹ St Michael’s Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
²² Biomedical Research Unit in Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
²³ Whiston Hospital, St Helen’s and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Prescot, UK
²⁴ Whipps Cross Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
²⁵ Princess Royal Hospital, Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust, Telford, UK
²⁶ Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
²⁷ Liverpool Women’s Hospital, Liverpool Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
²⁸ East Surrey Hospital, Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Redhill, UK
^* Corresponding author Email: a.coomarasamy@bham.ac.uk