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Paul R Mouncey, Alvin Richards-Belle, Karen Thomas, David A Harrison, M Zia Sadique, Richard D Grieve, Julie Camsooksai, Robert Darnell, Anthony C Gordon, Doreen Henry, Nicholas Hudson, Alexina J Mason, Michelle Saull, Chris Whitman, J Duncan Young, François Lamontagne, Kathryn M Rowan & the 65 trial investigatorsMounceyPaul RLead investigatorIntensive Care National Audit & Research CentreLondonUKRichards-BelleAlvinLead investigatorIntensive Care National Audit & Research CentreLondonUKThomasKarenLead investigatorIntensive Care National Audit & Research CentreLondonUKHarrisonDavid ALead investigatorIntensive Care National Audit & Research CentreLondonUKSadiqueM ZiaLead investigatorLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineLondonUKGrieveRichard DLead investigatorLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineLondonUKCamsooksaiJulieLead investigatorPoole Hospital NHS Foundation TrustPooleUKDarnellRobertLead investigatorIntensive Care National Audit & Research CentreLondonUKGordonAnthony CLead investigatorImperial College LondonLondonUKImperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary’s HospitalLondonUKHenryDoreenLead investigator(patient representative)UKHudsonNicholasLead investigatorIntensive Care National Audit & Research CentreLondonUKMasonAlexina JLead investigatorImperial College LondonLondonUKSaullMichelleLead investigatorIntensive Care National Audit & Research CentreLondonUKWhitmanChrisLead investigator(patient representative)UKYoungJ DuncanLead investigatorUniversity of OxfordOxfordUKLamontagneFrançoisLead investigatorUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrooke, QCCanadaRowanKathryn MLead investigatorIntensive Care National Audit & Research CentreLondonUKPolgarovaPetraSite investigatorAddenbrookes HospitalCambridgeUKFeatherstonePeterSite investigatorAddenbrookes HospitalCambridgeUKTeixeiraSofiaSite investigatorAddenbrookes HospitalCambridgeUKJones-CriddleColetteSite investigatorAintree University HospitalLiverpoolUKMortonBenSite investigatorAintree University 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Paul R Mouncey ^1,*, Alvin Richards-Belle ¹, Karen Thomas ¹, David A Harrison ¹, M Zia Sadique ², Richard D Grieve ², Julie Camsooksai ³, Robert Darnell ¹, Anthony C Gordon ^4,5, Doreen Henry ⁶, Nicholas Hudson ¹, Alexina J Mason ⁴, Michelle Saull ¹, Chris Whitman ⁶, J Duncan Young ⁷, François Lamontagne ^8,9, Kathryn M Rowan ¹, ^†

¹ Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre, London, UK
² Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
³ Critical Care, Research and Innovation, Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, UK
⁴ Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, London, UK
⁵ Intensive Care Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary’s Hospital, London, UK
⁶ Patient representative, , UK
⁷ Kadoorie Centre for Critical Care Research and Education, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
⁸ Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
⁹ Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
^* Corresponding author Email: Paul.Mouncey@icnarc.org

^† The 65 trial investigators are listed in Appendix 1.

The 65 trial investigators are listed in Appendix 1.

Declared competing interests of authors: Richard D Grieve is a member of the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment Commissioning Board (2018–present). Anthony C Gordon has received a grant for a National Institute for Health Research Research Professorship; personal fees and non-financial support from Orion Corporation (Espoo, Finland) and Orion Pharma (Newbury, UK); a grant and consulting fees paid to his institution from Tenax Therapeutics (Morrisville, NC, USA); consulting fees paid to his institution from Bristol Myers Squibb (New York, NY, USA); and consulting fees paid to his institution from GlaxoSmithKline plc (Brentford, UK). J Duncan Young was a Consultant Advisor to the National Institute for Health Research/Medical Research Council Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation programme, a member of the Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation Strategy Advisory Committee, the Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation Funding Committee, and the Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation Funding Committee Sub-Group Remit and Competitiveness Check group, from February 2011 to December 2018. Kathryn M Rowan was a member of the National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research Board (2014–19).