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Abha Maheshwari, Vasha Bari, Jennifer L Bell, Siladitya Bhattacharya, Priya Bhide, Ursula Bowler, Daniel Brison, Tim Child, Huey Yi Chong, Ying Cheong, Christina Cole, Arri Coomarasamy, Rachel Cutting, Fiona Goodgame, Pollyanna Hardy, Haitham Hamoda, Edmund Juszczak, Yacoub Khalaf, Andrew King, Jennifer J Kurinczuk, Stuart Lavery, Clare Lewis-Jones, Louise Linsell, Nick Macklon, Raj Mathur, David Murray, Jyotsna Pundir, Nick Raine-Fenning, Madhurima Rajkohwa, Lynne Robinson, Graham Scotland, Kayleigh Stanbury & Stephen Troup.

Abha Maheshwari ^1,*, Vasha Bari ², Jennifer L Bell ², Siladitya Bhattacharya ¹, Priya Bhide ³, Ursula Bowler ², Daniel Brison ⁴, Tim Child ⁵, Huey Yi Chong ¹, Ying Cheong ⁶, Christina Cole ², Arri Coomarasamy ⁷, Rachel Cutting ⁸, Fiona Goodgame ², Pollyanna Hardy ², Haitham Hamoda ⁹, Edmund Juszczak ^2,10, Yacoub Khalaf ¹¹, Andrew King ², Jennifer J Kurinczuk ², Stuart Lavery ¹², Clare Lewis-Jones ¹³, Louise Linsell ², Nick Macklon ^14,15, Raj Mathur ¹⁶, David Murray ², Jyotsna Pundir ¹⁷, Nick Raine-Fenning ¹⁸, Madhurima Rajkohwa ¹⁹, Lynne Robinson ²⁰, Graham Scotland ¹, Kayleigh Stanbury ², Stephen Troup ²¹

¹ Aberdeen Fertility Centre, NHS Grampian and University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
² Clinical Trials Unit National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
³ Assisted Conception Unit, Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
⁴ Assisted Conception Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
⁵ Oxford Fertility, The Fertility Partnership, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
⁶ Complete Fertility Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
⁷ Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
⁸ Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, London, UK
⁹ Assisted Conception Unit, King’s College Hospital, London, UK
¹⁰ Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
¹¹ Assisted Conception Unit and Centre for Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital and King’s College London, London, UK
¹² Assisted Conception Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
¹³ Fertility Network, London, UK
¹⁴ London Women’s Clinic, London, UK
¹⁵ Gynaecology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
¹⁶ Assisted Conception Unit, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, UK
¹⁷ Assisted Conception Unit, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK
¹⁸ The Fertility Partnership Nurture Fertility, Nottingham, UK
¹⁹ CARE Fertility, Birmingham, UK
²⁰ Gyanecology and Assisted Conception, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
²¹ Reproductive Science Consultancy, Wilmslow, UK
^* Corresponding author Email: abha.maheshwari@abdn.ac.uk

Declared competing interests of authors: Vasha Bari, Pollyanna Hardy and Jennifer J Kurinczuk report receipt of funding from the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) during the conduct of the study. Jennifer L Bell, Ursula Bowler, Christina Cole, Fiona Goodgame, Andrew King, Louise Linsell, David Murray and Kayleigh Stanbury report receipt of funding from NIHR during the conduct of the study and outside the submitted work. Abha Maheshwari reports grants from NIHR and personal fees from Merck Serono (Darmstadt, Germany), Ferring Pharmaceuticals (Saint-Prex, Switzerland), Pharmasure Ltd (Watford, UK) and Cook Medical (Limerick, Ireland) outside the submitted work. Arri Coomarasamy reports that he is a member of the Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation (EME) Funding Committee (2019–21). Pollyanna Hardy reports that she is a member of the Health and Technology Assessment (HTA) Commissioning Committee (2020–present). Siladitya Bhattacharya reports grants from the NIHR HTA programme during the conduct of the study and remuneration from Oxford University Press (Oxford, UK) for his role as Editor-in-Chief of Human Reproduction Open. Daniel Brison reports grants from NIHR during the conduct of the study, and grants from the European Commission (Brussels, Belgium), Diabetes UK (London, UK), NIHR, the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) and the Medical Research Council (MRC) outside the submitted work. Ying Cheong reports personal fees from Merck Serono and Ferring Pharmaceuticals outside the submitted work. Edmund Juszczak reports receipt of funding from NIHR during the conduct of the study and outside the submitted work, membership of the HTA Commissioning Board (2013–16) and the NIHR HTA General Board (2016–17), and membership of the NHS England and NIHR partnership programme (2019–present). Edmund Juszczak is also Director of Clinical Trials Units funded by NIHR. Yacoub Khalaf reports receiving support for resources used to help with recruitment of participants in the study from Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust (London, UK) during the conduct of the study. Raj Mathur reports other private practice fees from Manchester Fertility (Cheadle, UK), and personal fees from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), Ferring Pharmaceuticals and Gedeon Richter plc (Budapest, Hungary) outside the submitted work. Graham Scotland reports receiving travel expenses and accommodation to participate in an advisory board meeting on methodologies used and needed to evaluate the health economic value of assisted reproductive technologies treatment (consultancy) from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany) outside the submitted work. Stephen Troup reports personal fees from CooperSurgical International (Trumbull, CT, USA) and Parallabs Ltd (Watford, UK) outside the submitted work.