The 4 'A's test for detecting delirium in acute medical patients: a diagnostic accuracy study

MacLullich, Alasdair MJ; Shenkin, Susan D; Goodacre, Steve; Godfrey, Mary; Hanley, Janet; Stíobhairt, Antaine; Lavender, Elizabeth; Boyd, Julia; Stephen, Jacqueline; Weir, Christopher; MacRaild, Allan; Steven, Jill; Black, Polly; Diernberger, Katharina; Hall, Peter; Tieges, Zoë; Fox, Christopher; Anand, Atul; Young, John; Siddiqi, Najma; Gray, Alasdair

doi:10.3310/hta23400

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The 4 'A's test detects delirium in acutely ill patients with a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 95%.

Alasdair MJ MacLullich , Susan D Shenkin , Steve Goodacre , Mary Godfrey , Janet Hanley , Antaine Stíobhairt , Elizabeth Lavender , Julia Boyd , Jacqueline Stephen , Christopher Weir , Allan MacRaild , Jill Steven , Polly Black , Katharina Diernberger , Peter Hall , Zoë Tieges , Christopher Fox , Atul Anand , John Young , Najma Siddiqi & Alasdair Gray .

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Alasdair MJ MacLullich ^1,^*, Susan D Shenkin ¹, Steve Goodacre ², Mary Godfrey ³, Janet Hanley ⁴, Antaine Stíobhairt ¹, Elizabeth Lavender ³, Julia Boyd ⁵, Jacqueline Stephen ^5,⁶, Christopher Weir ^5,⁶, Allan MacRaild ⁷, Jill Steven ⁷, Polly Black ⁷, Katharina Diernberger ^6,⁷, Peter Hall ⁵, Zoë Tieges ¹, Christopher Fox ⁸, Atul Anand ¹, John Young ⁹, Najma Siddiqi ^10,^11,¹², Alasdair Gray ^6,⁷

¹ Geriatric Medicine, Division of Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
² Emergency Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
³ Health and Social Care, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
⁴ School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
⁵ Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
⁶ Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
⁷ Emergency Medicine Research Group (EMERGE), NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
⁸ Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
⁹ Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
¹⁰ Psychiatry, University of York, York,
¹¹ Hull York Medical School, York, UK
¹² Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
^* Corresponding author Email: a.maclullich@ed.ac.uk

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