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Fiona J Gilbert, Scott Harris, Kenneth A Miles, Jonathan R Weir-McCall, Nagmi R Qureshi, Robert C Rintoul, Sabina Dizdarevic, Lucy Pike, Donald Sinclair, Andrew Shah, Rosemary Eaton, Andrew Clegg, Valerio Benedetto, James E Hill, Andrew Cook, Dimitrios Tzelis, Luke Vale, Lucy Brindle, Jackie Madden, Kelly Cozens, Louisa A Little, Kathrin Eichhorst, Patricia Moate, Chris McClement, Charles Peebles, Anindo Banerjee, Sai Han, Fat Wui Poon, Ashley M Groves, Lutfi Kurban, Anthony J Frew, Matthew E Callister, Philip Crosbie, Fergus V Gleeson, Kavitasagary Karunasaagarar, Osei Kankam & Steve George.

Fiona J Gilbert ^1,*, Scott Harris ², Kenneth A Miles ^1,3, Jonathan R Weir-McCall ¹, Nagmi R Qureshi ³, Robert C Rintoul ^4,5, Sabina Dizdarevic ^6,7, Lucy Pike ⁸, Donald Sinclair ⁸, Andrew Shah ⁹, Rosemary Eaton ⁹, Andrew Clegg ¹⁰, Valerio Benedetto ¹⁰, James E Hill ¹⁰, Andrew Cook ^11,12, Dimitrios Tzelis ¹³, Luke Vale ¹³, Lucy Brindle ¹⁴, Jackie Madden ^11,12, Kelly Cozens ^11,12, Louisa A Little ^11,12, Kathrin Eichhorst ^11,12, Patricia Moate ^11,12,†, Chris McClement ^11,12,†, Charles Peebles ¹⁵, Anindo Banerjee ¹⁵, Sai Han ¹⁶, Fat Wui Poon ¹⁶, Ashley M Groves ¹⁷, Lutfi Kurban ¹⁸, Anthony J Frew ^6,7,†, Matthew E Callister ¹⁹, Philip Crosbie ²⁰, Fergus V Gleeson ^21,22, Kavitasagary Karunasaagarar ²³, Osei Kankam ²⁴, Steve George ^11,12,†

¹ Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
² Public Health Sciences and Medical Statistics, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
³ Department of Radiology, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
⁴ Department of Thoracic Oncology, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
⁵ Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
⁶ Departments of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine and Respiratory Medicine, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
⁷ Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
⁸ King’s College London and Guy’s and St Thomas’ PET Centre, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
⁹ Radiation Protection Department, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, UK
¹⁰ Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
¹¹ University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
¹² Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
¹³ Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
¹⁴ School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
¹⁵ Department of Radiology and Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
¹⁶ West of Scotland PET Centre, Gartnavel Hospital, Glasgow, UK
¹⁷ Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, UK
¹⁸ Department of Radiology, Aberdeen Royal Hospitals NHS Trust, Aberdeen, UK
¹⁹ Department of Respiratory Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
²⁰ North West Lung Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
²¹ Department of Radiology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
²² University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
²³ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
²⁴ Department of Thoracic Medicine, East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Saint Leonards-on-Sea, UK
^* Corresponding author Email: fjg28@medschl.cam.ac.uk

^† In memoriam

In memoriam

Declared competing interests of authors: Andrew Clegg, Valerio Benedetto and James E Hill are part-funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration North West Coast. Fiona J Gilbert is a NIHR Senior Investigator. She was a member of the Health Technology Assessment Efficacy and Mechanisms Evaluation Board (2014–19). Andrew Cook reports grants from the NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme during the conduct of the study. Fergus V Gleeson reports other from Optellum Ltd (Oxford, UK) outside the submitted work. Robert C Rintoul reports salary support from Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, during the conduct of the study. Robert C Rintoul also reports personal fees from AstraZeneca and Roche for work on their Advisory Board outside the submitted work. Nagmi R Qureshi is part-funded by the Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre.