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Graham Moore, Britt Hallingberg, Rachel Brown, Jennifer McKell, Jordan Van Godwin, Linda Bauld, Linsay Gray, Olivia Maynard, Anne-Marie Mackintosh, Marcus Munafò, Anna Blackwell, Emily Lowthian & Nicholas Page.

Graham Moore ^1,2,*, Britt Hallingberg ^1,3, Rachel Brown ¹, Jennifer McKell ⁴, Jordan Van Godwin ¹, Linda Bauld ^2,5, Linsay Gray ⁶, Olivia Maynard ⁷, Anne-Marie Mackintosh ⁴, Marcus Munafò ^2,7, Anna Blackwell ⁷, Emily Lowthian ^1,8, Nicholas Page ¹

¹ Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
² SPECTRUM Consortium, , UK
³ Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
⁴ Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
⁵ Usher Institute College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
⁶ Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
⁷ Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
⁸ Population Data Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
^* Corresponding author Email: MooreG@cardiff.ac.uk

Declared competing interests of authors

Full disclosure of interests: Completed ICMJE forms for all authors, including all related interests, are available in the toolkit on the NIHR Journals Library report publication page at https://doi.org/10.3310/WTMH3198.

Primary conflicts of interest: Graham Moore (2017–24) declares membership of the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research (PHR) Funding Committee as deputy chairperson (2022–24), for the duration of the study (after submission of the report); membership of a Cancer Research UK (London, UK) funding committee and funding from Cancer Research UK for research on a related topic during the study period; a role as an unpaid trustee of the charity Action on Smoking and Health Wales (Cardiff, UK); and a role as a co-opted member of a National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance committee focused on tobacco use, during this study. Rachel Brown declares funding from Cancer Research UK for work on a related topic, during the study period. Linda Bauld (2015–21) declares membership of the NIHRPHR Funding Committee, during this study; and funding from the Medical Research Council (Swindon, UK) and NIHRPHR programme, outside this study. Linsay Gray declares funding from the Medical Research Council, the Chief Scientist’s Office (Edinburgh, UK) and the Economic and Social Research Council (Swindon, UK), outside this study. Anne-Marie Mackintosh declares receipt of funding from Cancer Research UK for work on a related topic.